Yossi Garfinkel has given an update on inscriptions recently discovered at Khirbet Qeiyafa (2012) and Tel Lachish (2014).
The Qeiyafa inscription found in 2012 dates to the early 10th century BC in Iron IIa. An article on this has been written and accepted for publication. I will name the journal when that detail comes to me.
The inscription from Lachish was located in Level VI (ca. 12th century BC). An article has now been written detailing this inscription and is about to be submitted for publication.
“The Qeiyafa inscription found in 2012 dates to the early 10th century BC in Iron IIa.”
interesting. thanks. looking forward to the article. isn’t 10th century bce a little early for Iron IIA in the Levant?
The dating of Iron IIa is the subject of much debate. Some have put it around the turn of the 9th century but others place it around the beginning of the 10th. Recent finds at Khirbet Qeiyafa (excavated 2007 – 2013) suggest a centralized state in the southern Levant around the beginning of C10. Iron II marks the transition toward urbanization. With this in mind, the weight of evidence appears to support a ca. C10 timeframe.
Thanks for your comment! ~ Luke
Some Tel Aviv archaeologists think Qeiyafa is really late Iron I due to the rarity of red slip-hand burnish. Some Cypriot pots suggest a date in the Iron II. Qeiyafa is pretty much a single-period site, as the main site wasn’t inhabited during the early Iron I or late Iron II.
thank you for the detailed explanation.
i have not kept up with the literature but are garfinkel and ganor’s radiocarbon chrono for kh. qeiyafa still the standard? that was about 5 years ago or so.
The Vol. II report on Qeiyafa came out some 4 months ago and covers finds through 2012. (Vol. I only covered 2007-2008.) Qeiyafa is a site around the Iron I/II transition, so it’s not surprising to see traces of this in the ceramic assemblage. Multiple new C-14 samples have matched the original olive pits, including samples from a burned jar in the the destruction layer. Black juglets were also found, and they are associated with Iron IIa. In addition, over 600 stamped storage jars and two large public buildings point to administration and political centralization in the region. The site is small and clearly not Philistine, so the polity was strong enough to hold off the nearby Philistines for the several years it would have taken to construct the site and its fortifications.
thank you. i downloaded volume II